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past, sizeable data center designs called for large banks of generators connected to the generator bus. Sometimes, as many as 12 generators had to be initiated and synchronized with the first generator online before they could be linked to the generator bus. This configuration meant that while the first generator would be online in 10 to 15 seconds, each additional generator would take another 10 to 15 seconds to start, synchronize, and close its breaker to the generator bus. All generators would have to be on the bus before critical loads would start to be reconnected to the backup power system. This required the UPS to have a requirement for longer autonomy as well.\u003c/p>\u003cp >Today, many data centers with distributed redundant designs do not require the generators to be paralleled before connecting to the bus. Each generator serves a single UPS or a group of UPSs and can be online within 10 to 15 seconds of a utility outage.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text pSRg7zWZby"},{"key":"e65oxkF30_D","type":"section","children":["eLl8FDhKczi"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"emuxBs9OmIu","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1606851883385,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["5%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1606851883385,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["5%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1606851883385,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["5%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"ePzr_muLnud","content":{"src":{"key":"HxjaFLqzTL","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/HxjaFLqzTL.png","ratio":1.8027681660899655}},"type":"image","actions":["emuxBs9OmIu"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eP759k-sJYK","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612211271508,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612211271508,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612211271508,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"ev2skNEm25q","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >Figure 4: A shared reserve backup configuration.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","actions":["eP759k-sJYK"],"cl":"text pSRg7zWZby"},{"key":"emg1ecBogC8","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637599297817,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.6,"translateX":["-300","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637599297817,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.6,"translateX":["-300","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637599297817,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.6,"translateX":["-300","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"entgdBVQRhb","type":"rectangle","actions":["emg1ecBogC8"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"e7tQm9OC6fn","type":"section","children":["ePzr_muLnud","ev2skNEm25q","entgdBVQRhb"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"e8T0G8QZ9_2","content":{"text":"\u003cp >A reserve UPS can be used to support a single client or multiple clients. Figure 4 shows a shared reserve configuration utilizing a reserve UPS that can support multiple clients (load X represents multiple clients).\u003c/p>\u003cp >While modern power systems reduce the risk of downtime, the need for energy storage still exists. Energy storage is used for those times when bridge time is needed — to bridge the power between utility failure and the 10 to 15 seconds it takes for emergency power to become available, usually with on-site generators.\u003c/p>\u003cp >With these new reliability and reserve power configurations, minutes of battery autonomy (run time) are no longer necessary. In fact, essential electrical systems, as defined in NFPA 99 (Health Care Facilities Code), “shall be classified as Type 10, Class X, Level 1 generator sets per NFPA 110.” The Type 10 designation in NFPA 110 defines the maximum time in seconds that the emergency power supply systems (EPSS) will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without electrical power.” In the case of Type 10, the maximum time is 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\u003ch3 >\u003cstrong >Out with the old and in with the new \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\u003cp >Evolution in supercapacitor technology presents an attractive alternative to battery solutions. A great example of these advancements is hybrid supercapacitors (HSC), which have recently come to market for the bridging needs of the modern EPSS. \u003c/p>\u003cp >The technology in HSCs combines the best aspects of electric, dual-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with the high power density and high energy density of lithium-ion batteries while avoiding thermal runaway issues. \u003c/p>\u003cp >The old method of using valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries in multiple cabinets, taking up valuable floor space, and providing 15-plus minutes of backup power is no longer needed. New methods in technology and power system methodology (reliability and redundancy) have paved the way for more cost-effective energy storage solutions that include longer life and higher cycle life without the risk of thermal runaway or any disposal issues.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text pSRg7zWZby"},{"key":"eC9shgZ6jbc","type":"section","children":["e8T0G8QZ9_2"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eJ8dD1lfCjS","content":{"text":"\u003ch3 >Oliver Ulibas\u003c/h3>\u003cp >Oliver Ulibas is the director of engineering services for Musashi Energy Solutions. He has more than 30 years of power conversion and energy storage experience in the mission critical industry. \u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text pSRg7zWZby"},{"key":"erwKQ2G2oqM","content":{"src":{"key":"s9QYKyGK4n","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/s9QYKyGK4n.jpg","ratio":0.888646288209607}},"type":"image","cl":"image"},{"key":"eH66jILD11t","type":"section","children":["eJ8dD1lfCjS","erwKQ2G2oqM"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eSRQgDERYxN","content":{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pP22QkByqA4"}},"type":"external-link","cl":"external-link"},{"key":"eazwXSxRrKC","content":{"text":"\u003cdiv>\u003cp >Table Of Contents\u003c/p>\u003c/div>"},"type":"text","actions":["eSRQgDERYxN"],"cl":"text"},{"key":"eV_yvucL-Md","content":{"text":"\u003cp >February 2024\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"eJN9Wyo-V9e","content":{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pFqfcaivZjx"}},"type":"external-link","cl":"external-link"},{"key":"eRlrTC3kRwz","content":{"src":{"key":"zwI7tX41J","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/zwI7tX41J/2100.png","ratio":null}},"type":"image","actions":["eJN9Wyo-V9e"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"e0-3rsSR8-c","content":{"children":[],"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"efHtfjfvcbO","content":{"text":"\u003cp 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